Selasa, 18 Oktober 2011

Type of models

06.15 | Diposting oleh Unknown
Active models
Active models that attempt to reproduce living anatomy or physiology are recent developments. The famous “Harvey” mannequin was developed at the University of Miami and is able to recreate many of the physical findings of the cardiology examination, including palpation, auscultation, and electrocardiography.[22]
Interactive models
More recently, interactive models have been developed that respond to actions taken by a student or physician.[22] Until recently, these simulations were two dimensional computer programs that acted more like a textbook than a patient. Computer simulations have the advantage of allowing a student to make judgements, and also to make errors. The process of iterative learning through assessment, evaluation, decision making, and error correction creates a much stronger learning environment than passive instruction.
Computer simulators
3DiTeams learner is percussing the patients chest in virtual field hospital
Simulators have been proposed as an ideal tool for assessment of students for clinical skills.[23] For patients, "cybertherapy" can be used for sessions simulating traumatic expericences, from fear of heights to social anxiety.[24]
Programmed patients and simulated clinical situations, including mock disaster drills, have been used extensively for education and evaluation. These “lifelike” simulations are expensive, and lack reproducibility. A fully functional "3Di" simulator would be the most specific tool available for teaching and measurement of clinical skills. Gaming platforms have been applied to create these virtual medical environments to create an interactive method for learning and application of information in a clinical context.[25][26]
Immersive disease state simulations allow a doctor or HCP to experience what a disease actually feels like. Using sensors and transducers symptomatic effects can be delivered to a participant allowing them to experience the patients disease state.
Such a simulator meets the goals of an objective and standardized examination for clinical competence.[27] This system is superior to examinations that use "standard patients" because it permits the quantitative measurement of competence, as well as reproducing the same objective findings.[28]
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