Andhika Sintink: Heredity

Rabu, 19 Oktober 2011

Heredity

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The vast majority of cancers are non-hereditary, which are called sporadic cancers. Hereditary cancers are cancers that are primarily caused by an inherited genetic defect. Less than 0.3% of the population are carriers of a genetic mutation which has a large effect on cancer risk.^[26] They cause less than 3–10% of all cancer.^[26] Some of these syndromes include:

certain inherited mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 with a more than 75% risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer^[26]
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (various tumors such as osteosarcoma, breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, brain tumors) due to mutations of p53
Turcot syndrome (brain tumors and colonic polyposis)
Familial adenomatous polyposis an inherited mutation of the APC gene that leads to early onset of colon carcinoma.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, also known as Lynch syndrome) can include familial cases of colon cancer, uterine cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer, without a preponderance ofcolon polyps.
Retinoblastoma, when occurring in young children, is due to a hereditary mutation in the retinoblastoma gene.
Down syndrome patients, who have an extra chromosome 21, are known to develop malignancies such as leukemia and testicular cancer, though the reasons for this difference are not well understood.

Label: Heredity

Heredity

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